Rope Wave Lab

Miona Milenkovic

29. May

Science 7A

Mrs. Medenica

Wave Lab

Guiding question: If you had a restricted area of moving your hand, how does the space you have to move affect the altitude, wavelength and wave frequency?

Hypotheses: I think that when I have a smaller area the frequency will be higher, but the wavelength shorter. And when I move my arm slower the frequency will be lower but the wavelength longer. Also when I have a smaller area the amplitude will be smaller and the other way around

Variables:

• Control (What you keep the same): The rope will stay the same during the whole procedure (lab)
• Manipulated (What you will change):   The amount of space you have to move your hand
• Responding (What response you are looking for): We are looking for the altitude, wavelength and wave frequency to be different.

Materials:

1. Rope
2. Measuring device (ruler or meter stick)
3. Tape
4. Markers
5. Camera (take pictures)

Procedure:

1.      Collect all the materials and find a wide and long hallway or any room.

2.      Lay the rope straight on the floor and tape one side of the rope.

3.      Pick 5 measurement which you will use, like having 30, 40, 50 etc centimeters to movie your arm.

4.      Take your data, measure the frequency, amplitude, ……

Graphs and Tables

Images/Video:

This image shows how we set up our experiment. So as you can see, there is the rope which is taped on one side. As well different pieces of tape for the amount or are we can move our hand and the direction we are moving it.

Data Analysis:

In my graph I can see a couple of patterns. First of all, I can see that whenever the wavelength is higher, the amplitude is smaller. However I think that was on accident because I know that the wavelength does not affect the amplitude and the amplitude does not affect the wavelength.  However a pattern that a I also saw is quite logical. I realized that the more space you have for your arm to move, the frequency will be higher. For example, when I only had 10 centimeters to move my hand, I got 103Hz, and when I had 100cm to move my hand, it was only 50Hz. The reason why is because I need more time to create one wave when I need to go a farther distance. However when my arm moves a shorter distance it can create more waves during one minute. I really think that our experiment could have been more accurate. There are some parts which are not very precise. For example, the graph with the amplitude and wavelength. I don’t really think that the amplitude is always smaller when the wavelength is bigger. However that is one small slip

Conclusion:

In this experiment our guiding question was, if you had a restricted area of moving your hand, how does the space you have to move affect the altitude, wavelength and wave frequency? My graphs show the answer to that question. It shows that when you have more area to move your arm, the frequency will be lower, the amplitude and wavelength will be higher, and the opposite. However I don’t think that the wavelength and amplitude affect each other. However frequency affects wavelength and amplitude. When the frequency is higher the amplitude and wavelength is lower. I also see that the amplitude and the wavelength don’t affect the frequency of a wave. So as you can see my hypothesis was right all along.

Further Inquiry:

As I said above, I do see some errors and some places where we could have took more accurate data. However I think the reason why that happened was because Irina and I were rushing to finish up collecting our data so we could finish our lab write up. Some ways to improve is to maybe have more time together to finish, or Irina and I could be more effective, but the second way is probably better. J I also think that next time we should take care of our data, make sure that its correct and not just an estimation. Apart from all these little mistakes, I still think that my hypothesis is correct and I am still sticking with my same thoughts as before.

Epicenter Questions and Answers

In class we had to answer a couple if questions about the earthquakes epicenter. These are the questions and answers.

1. Observe the 3 circles you have drawn. Where is the earthquake's epicenter? I think that the epicenter of all the earthquakes is in Frankfort.
2. Which city on the map is closest to the earthquake's epicenter? How far, in kilometers, is the city from the epicenter? The closest city to the epicenter on the map of the whole earthquake is  more probably Nashville. It is roughly 110 kilometers far.
3. In which of the 3 cities listed in the data table would seismographs detect the earthquake first? Last? The first one it would detect would be Chicago however the last earthquake would probably be close to Denver, and the second one would be somewhere around New Orleans.
4. About how far from San Francisco is the epicenter that you found? What would the difference be in arrival times of the P waves and S waves for a recording station in San Francisco. The difference in arrival times between P and S waves would probably be around 2,900 kilometers. The Primary waves would arrive first, with secondary waves following.
5. What happens to the differenct in arrival times between P and S waves as the distnace from the earthquake increases? When the distance from the earthquake increases that means there will be more time between the S and P waves

Hurricanes!

Miona Milenkvic

Mrs.M

7A Science

2nd June 2012

Hurricane Essay

Hurricanes are huge thunderstorms. "They create winds which can be up to 119 kilometers per hour (74 mph) or higher. That's even faster than a cheetah, and they are the fastest animal on land." The huge winds from a hurricane can break down buildings and even take out trees out from the ground. When a hurricane begins, weather forecasters can tell where and when it will be at a certain time. They also predict its strongest and weakest points. This information can prevent deaths since it gives people time to prepare for the hurricane which are coming up. There are many different parts of a hurricane. First there is the Eye. It is the small blue circle in the middle of the hurricane. In that part of the hurricane the winds are usually not as strong and with not as many clouds and storms. Next is the Eye wall. It is a huge cycle of different storms. All the storms go around the eye. The winds have the most power and very rainy in that area as well. Lastly are the Rain bands. They are groups of many clouds and a lot of rain which go around the eye walls.

"How do hurricanes form, maybe when Mother Nature gets angry?" I know that is what you have been hoping for and constantly saying in your brain, however that is really not the case. The real reason why is because they desperately need warm water, humidity, moist air, winds, and quite warm surface temperature. During summer and fall is the best time during the year for a hurricane to develop. The first sign of a hurricane are a group of a lot but small thunderstorms. Afterwards, they will become more "organized". Three specific things have to happen for a hurricane to be created. A vaporization and condensation cycle, different wind patterns and a very small difference in air pressure between the slow and high altitude.

Hurricanes can only happen in a large area of warm water like an ocean or sea. This is because of the fact that they need a large amount of energy which they get from the warm ocean waters. Hurricanes can occur a couple degrees away from the equator. This is because the coriolis effect does not have enough power at the equator to cause a hurricane.

Hurricanes can cause so many disasters in just one place and during only one time. Storm surge is the worse disaster it can cause. Storm surge is huge wall of water that moves towards the shore with the hurricane. Out of all deaths caused by hurricanes, 90 percent is because of storm surge. High Winds is the most common disaster of all hurricanes because it shows how strong the hurricane is. Winds in a hurricanes can be as high as 200 mph and even higher. Lastly, very heavy rain and flooding. After the rain from the hurricane and when the winds stop, the huge amount of flooding is a disaster.

Even though hurricanes can take away many lives from other people,destroy someones property which will later have to be rebuilt, they can also be important to a lot of needed rain regions and provide water to very dry regions. Hurricanes can sometimes give rain and water to the Southwestern United States and parts of western Mexico. Also, Japan got even more than half of the rain and water from hurricanes.
However, apart from that, hurricanes still do kill and take away our houses, and as you know, destroying, leads to rebuilding.

As you all know, all hurricanes have a special name for them, they are not just given randomly, there is a reason. There can be more than one hurricane at once on the planet, of course. To be able to keep track and talk about all of them, they are given different names in alphabetical order. A normal storm cannot be given a name, only hurricanes get their own. Every single year, each hurricane is given a name. In total 6 lists of names in alphabetical order exist, one for each year. All the lists are used again every six years. If a storm causes too much destruction, they can sometimes erase it from a list. However it doesnt stay without a name, it is given a new name with the same starting letter.

As surprising as this must seem, all the dust storms from Africa and other countries can affect hurricanes as well? I bet you didn't know that. There are 2 NASA satellites in space which sees how dust affects hurricanes. Scientists are able to do many crazy things, even fly airplanes into hurricanes, can you believe it!  Some areas in the hurricane are not safe for people to fly into or above. However they can still collect the data, they fly out airplanes in hurricanes but without humans in it. Scientists study hurricanes in many ways. One way of studying hurricanes is through a bunch of photos which are taken from outer space with outer space satellites like the hubble. Some other satellites can even estimate the height of clouds and the temperature of the ocean. Others measure the the speed of how the rain is falling from the hurricane. But others measure the speed and direction of winds as well. Scientists use the data they collect from these satellites to understand hurricanes much better. The data can help them in many ways. It helps understand how hurricanes work and how they are formed.Another way it helps is because they can know where and when the hurricane will occur, with that, people have time to prepare and prevent death.

Bibliography:

"HURRICANES AND TROPICAL STORMS." NOAA. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 June 2012.

     ?n=hurrweb>.

"Hurricane Facts." The Weather Around Us. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 June 2012. 

     Thematic%20Units/The%20Weather%20Around%20Us/hurricane_facts.htm>. 

"Tropical cyclone." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 June 2012. 

     Tropical_cyclone>.